Aphenphosmphobics experience severe distress at the mere suggestion of being touched. a·phe·li·a The point on the orbit of a celestial body that is farthest from the sun. , laryngeal) disease or mental retardation. Aphenphosmphobia – ترس از لمس شدن; Arachibutyrophobia – ترس از کره بادام زمینی; Arachnophobia – ترس از عنکبوت; Arithmophobia – ترس از اعداد; Astraphobia – ترس از رعد و برق و طوفان; Ataxophobia – ترس از بی نظمی; Atelophobia – ترس از کامل نبودنCommon phobias. Aphenphosmphobia: Es un miedo inusual y extraño de tocar o ser tocado. Ablutophobia – Fear of bathing, cleaning or washing. Every students and professonal worker should be aware about it. Definition. haphephob translation in German - English Reverso dictionary, see also 'happy',Happen',Häher',hapern', examples, definition, conjugationAphenphosmphobia with definition. Commonly used words are shown in bold. treat·ment definition. 2011, E. You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. Aphenphosmphobia Online Test. Individuals with this condition experience high distress with the thought of being touched and will, in turn, exhibit symptoms of distress such as panic attacks or nausea. The process of classical conditioning can explain how we acquire phobias. For others, it may be a fear of specific things such as blood, heights, or spiders. HAPHEPHOBIA: (aphenphosmphobia, haphephobia, and fear of being touched) 1: haphephobia: a persistent, abnormal, and unwarranted fear of being touched, despite conscious understanding by the phobic individual and reassurance by others that there is no danger. aphoria. A morbid fear of strings! I am sure, all the cats in the world do not have it. Now why in the world would anyone be fearful of that, beats me! Vestiphobia: Commonly known as the fear of clothing. com! The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource. Aphemia definition: Aphasia. Aphenphosmphobia is a phobia, or extreme and irrational fear, of intimacy. People with this phobia might also have Agoraphobia (which is discussed on the home page) or Chirophobia (fear of hands). Click on a word above to view its definition. Other names for haphephobia include chiraptophobia, aphenphosmphobia, and homophobia. According to common-phobias. net dictionary. James, Fifty Shades Darker , Vintage Books. Nantinya, fobia ini punya pengeruh yang cukup kuat terhadap pengembangan karakter Sam di Death Stranding. She rolled her eyes at his ignorance. Those with DOOMS are called "sufferers" of the condition. Wiktionary. Aphelocoma definition: A taxonomic genus within the family Corvidae . Aphenphosmphobia - Fear Of Being Touched (Haphephobia) What is the fear of hugs called? None as such, it could be Pnigophobia [ fear of being smothered, or Aphenphosmphobia [ fear of being touched ]. she was scared of having her. (Adult / Slang) Or: haphephobia , the fear of being touched by people or objects. . Details. (Haphephobia) Apiphobia- Fear of bees. It can make many people uncomfortable being contacted by strangers specifically without consent or permission. Automysophobia:- गंदे होने का डर – Fear of being dirty. What is aphenphosmphobia? (Image credit: Sony) So, in case you hadn't guessed it, aphenphosmphobia is a fear of being touched, although the full blown condition (it's a real thing) also includes a. Learn the definition of 'aphenphosmphobia'. Usage: She winced when their skin made contact, but he didn't seem to care. Below you will find a list of all phobias found on our site from A – Z! Achluophobia – Fear of darkness. This page is about both. A. While Sam is legit terrified of people touching him, he does seem to be able to get a grasp on that fear. The top 3 are: specific phobia, sexual assault and sexual abuse. You would need to see a doctor to be formally diagnosed an aphenphosmphobe, this online test will quickly determine whether action is needed. Achluophobia. Haphephobia (also known as aphephobia, haphophobia, hapnophobia, haptephobia, haptophobia, thixophobia, aphenphosmphobia) is a rare specific phobia that involves the fear of touching or of being touched. Apeirophobia: Fear of infinity. Article continues below this ad. Aphenphosmphobia. Aphenphosmphobia: fear of being touched; Aphenphosmphobia: fear of being touched; Apiphobia: fear of bees; Aporophobia: fear of people without resources; Apotemnophobia: fear out amputees; Aquaphobia: fear of water; Arachibutyrophobia: fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouthHaphephobia (haf-uh-FOE-bee-uh) is an intense, overwhelming fear of being touched. aphasic: [ ah-fa´zik ] 1. To look for the article (s) with the same meanings, see Chiraptophobia and Haphephobia. (The Scriptural word phebomai also means to be put to flight, and gives phobos its Biblical. Victim Type. Several times I have slept on the couch because something got into my bedroom. An individual with aphasia may have: Difficulty expressing themselves when speaking Difficulty understanding the language of others Difficulty reading and writing Aphasia is caused by an injury to the brain -. D. Hiểu một cách đơn giản, Aphenphosmphobia nỗi sợ bị chạm vào, về mặt vật lý hoặc cảm xúc. However, if the fear is intense, appears even when touched by family or friends, and if it causes significant distress, it may be haphephobia. How to say aph. It was only when it got bad did Nora notice that something had changed. hives. Link to this page: Add or improve a definition. Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. Hear more phobia names pronounced: how to say Aphenphosmphobia corr. Fear of Being touched. By definition, Haphephobia is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of being touched. This Death Stranding wiki page will list all easter eggs, celebrity appearances, and cameos from Death Stranding. aerophobia. Listen to the audio pronunciation in several English accents. I am definitely a phobiaphobic. To learn more follow one of the links above. Meaning of aphenphosmphobia for the defined word. I will often run from a room screaming because a mosquito hawk or house fly got in. Sample translated sentence: Ennen lukemista opiskele opiskelemaan muutamia yleisempiä fobioita: arachnophobia (hämähäkit), agorafobia (väkijoukot), mysofobia (bakteerit) ja akrofobia (korkeudet). S/he is likely to feel scared and confused and is unable to distinguish between reality and unreality. For some people, the fear is specific to touch by people of one gender. Apiphobia, Melissaphobia, Melissophobia – Fear of bees. Ablutophobia – Fear of washing or bathing. … See moreHaphephobia (haf-uh-FOE-bee-uh) is an intense, overwhelming fear of being touched. aphenphosmphobia definition, pronuniation, antonyms, synonyms and example sentences in Bengali. However, I am not sure that a person afflicted with this phobia would be good romance material. It's clinically known as a specific phobia, which is a persistent, excessive or unreasonable fear of an object or situation. Search for aphenphosmphobia at other dictionaries: OneLook, Oxford, American Heritage, Merriam-Webster, WikipediaAphenphosmphobia - /əfɛnfoʊsmˈfoʊbiə/ noun. In the case of haphephobia, there’s often a physical reaction to touch that may include: panic attacks. Sugerir un ejemplo. Other names for haphephobia include chiraptophobia, aphenphosmphobia, and thixophobia. However, if the fear is intense, it appears even when handled by family or friends, and if it causes significant distress, it may be haphephobia. Players will see during their playthrough of the new game that Sam does not like being touched by other people at all. aphotic zone: the zone of an ocean or sea into which light does not penetrate and in which, therefore, photosynthesis cannot take place. It is an acute exaggeration of the normal tendencies to protect one's personal space, expressed as a fear of contamination or of. Mysophobia – The fear of germs. This condition is. Aphenphosmphobia is an excessive and irrational fear of intimacy or physical contact with other people. aph-: or apo- prefix denoting away from, apart. 2: haphephobia: an extreme unwarranted fear and/or physical aversion to being. Why he has this phobia remains to be seen, but the definition above certainly gives us an idea. This tag belongs to the Additional Tags Category. Edit. Haphephobia (also known as aphephobia, haphophobia, hapnophobia, haptephobia, haptophobia, thixophobia, aphenphosmphobia) is a rare specific phobia that involves the fear of touching or of being touched. Click on a word above to view its definition. Agateophobia: fear of insanity. The words at the top of the list are the ones most associated with haphephobia, and as you. abandonment phobia. آبهراسی Hydrophobia، ترس از آب (یک علامت از بیماری هاری ). He carefully wrapped a hand around Takaya's shaft and gave it a firm squeezeThe fear of being touched. You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. Untuk itulah, dibawah ini akan dijelaskan apa itu Aphenphosphobia tanpa harus membeberkan spoiler. เมื่อพูดถึง อาการทางจิต เชื่อว่าหลายคนคงกำลังคิดถึงคนบ้าที่นั่งยิ้ม. treat·ment definition. Anthophobia: The fear of flowers. Atelophobia - Fear of imperfection. excessive fear regarding separation. Full blown anxiety and panic attacks are also likely in the person suffering from the fear of intimacy. Other names for haphephobia include chiraptophobia, aphenphosmphobia, and thixophobia. It can affect children and adults. 1894, Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences, volume 2, unnumbered page: It is necessary to distinguish haphephobia from the syndrome described under the name of délire de toucher, the emotional disturbance produced especially after contact. avoidance of bathing or washing to avoid the. Arsonphobia- Fear of fire. Arithmophobia: The fear of numbers. Haphephobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of being touched. Ocular condition in which the crystalline lens is absent. noun: A morbid fear of being touched. A person with aphasia may have difficulty speaking, reading, writing, recognizing the names of objects, or understanding what other people have said. Arrhenphobia- Fear of men. Aphenphosmphobia: It is a fear of being touched, especially by a man with facial hair. translation in Bengali for aphenphosmphobia with similar and opposite words. There can be a variety of causes and symptoms of aphenphosmphobia. Merriam-Webster unabridged. What is Aphenphosmphobia in Death Stranding? Learn what Aphenphosmphobia is, how it affects Sam, and whether or not it is a real phobia. Before she had a chance to kill him, he was ripped off of her and slammed against the wall. But in some extreme cases, a sufferer of this phobia cannot stand to be touched by anyone. A stillmother is the braindead mother of a BB (Bridge Baby). Aphenphosmphobia – Fear of being touched. This is often associated with a fear of sexual assault. Exposure to the source of the fear triggers an irrational response. 2. If they aren't given proper attention and treatment, might start to limit the sufferers life. hyperventilation. Otros resultados. The fear of intimacy is known as Aphenphosmphobia (which is the fear of being touched). Self-Help Aphenphosmphobia Hypnotherapy Script. Aphenphosmphobia meaning - Definition of AphenphosmphobiaAphenphosmphobia meaning - Definition of Aphenphosmphobia🔻"Steffen Daum - Goodbye My Dear" is under. Apiphobia: Fear of bees. Aphenphosmphobia - Fear of being touched. Apeirophobia - Fear of infinity. Aphenphosmphobia aphephobia APHF APHHI APHI Aphid. Aerophobia: fear of drafts, air swallowing, or airborne noxious substances. aphenphosmphobia; apheresis noun; apheretic adj; aphesis noun; apheta; aphetic adj; aphetical; aphetically; aphetism; aphetize. aphenphosmphobia ka marathi mein matalab, arth aur prayog. hypnosis. Read Aphenphosmphobia from the story Types of Phobias, Rare Diseases and LGBT by RandomOtakuInLove (Nebula Lapis Lasanta) with 58 reads. . What does apheta mean? Information and translations of apheta in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Arithmophobia - Fear of numbers. But it is also a fear of "emotional bonds," according to a website called Phobia Guru. Other names for haphephobia include chiraptophobia, aphenphosmphobia, and thixophobia. March nailfie Spin the wheel, A nailfie is a photograph that is taken specifically of someone's nails, typically to showcase a particular nail design or manicure. ↔ Before reading, have students research a few of the more common phobias: arachnophobia (spiders),. Sugerir un ejemplo. that would come under Aphenphosmphobia - the fear of being touched. . There are just 7 questions in this test, each in. translation in Marathi for aphenphosmphobia with similar and opposite words. Daily life was like a soothing breeze across the open ocean, calm and welcoming. Looking for the definition of APHENPHOSMPHOBIA? Find out what is the full meaning of APHENPHOSMPHOBIA on Abbreviations. Definition. Acarophobia – Fear of itching or of the insects that cause itching. The words at the top of the list are the ones most associated with. Sawada Tsunayoshi was the only child of super wealthy Sawada household. Being Touched Phobia eBook Only - £7. Haphephobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of being touched. Fear of intimacy – Aphenphosmphobia can be defined as the fear of intimacy phobia is known by several other names, such as Aphenphosmphobia (which is the fear of being touched) and Philophobia (which is known by several different characters as the fear of love). It may be congenital but usually it is due to surgical removal of a cataract. Ablutophobia is a specific phobia in which individuals have an irrational fear of bathing or washing. This preference for being alone is why Bridges. This treatment can help with both physical and emotional reactions to phobias. So treatment means trying to do something about it. This guide will explain exactly what Aphenphosmphobia is, and how it ties into everything going on in Sam's story in Death Stranding. that you can use to pick a random item from the list. Works which have used it as a tag: Pages Navigation. translation in hindi for Aphenphosmphobia with similar and opposite words. Lockiophobia – Fear of childbirth. Advertisement. . People with phobias actively avoid the phobic object or situation, or they endure it with intense fear or anxiety. Cacophobia: The fear of ugliness, cacophobia, can easily gain sympathetic ears. Zoophobia: The fear of animals. Acrophobia – Fear of heights. Find a translation for the aphenphosmphobia definition in other languages: Select another language: - Select - 简体中文 (Chinese - Simplified) 繁體中文 (Chinese - Traditional) Español (Spanish) Esperanto (Esperanto) 日本語 (Japanese) Português (Portuguese) Deutsch (German)Aphenphosmphobia might sound like a made-up word when you first hear Deadman say it in Death Stranding, but rest assured it’s a real phobia that some people suffer from. Haphephobia (เรียกอีกอย่างว่าaphephobia, haphophobia, hapnophobia, haptephobia, haptophobia, [1] thixophobia, aphenphosmphobia) เป็นความหวาดกลัวเฉพาะที่หายากที่เกี่ยวข้องกับความกลัว สัมผัสหรือถูกสัมผัส นี้. Aphenphosmphobia is the fear of being touched in both the physical and the emotional sense. Phobos originally had implications of “flight”, based on the ancient Greek word φόβος, whose second definition was the act of fleeing, flight or retreat. Grammatically, this word. Another thing that’s known about him is that he has aphenphosmphobia (fear of intimacy/being touched), which Deadman notes in Episode 1. Pron: [kyoor] Successful remedial treatment; restoration to health. aphenphosmphobia - Meaning in Bengali. Aphenphosmphobia – Fear of being touched. (h)aphē , touch, + -phobia ] Morbid fear of being touched. Pronunciation of Aphenphosmphobia with 4 audio pronunciations, 2 meanings and more for Aphenphosmphobia. In some cases, the fear can. Aphenphosmphobia – The fear of intimacy. Definition:* Sample sentence: All definitions are approved by humans before publishing. Nov 19, 2022. The BBs are taken from the womb of Stillmothers at 28 weeks old. There is no one definition for pantophobia, as it can manifest in different ways depending on the person. People with past traumatic pasts are. Rare words are dimmed. A. Aphenphosmphobia. Cure means the problem is gone. It is a specific type of phobia, which is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense and persistent fear of a particular object or situation Aphenphosmphobia is the fear of being touched. See examples of HAPHEPHOBIA used in a sentence. However, another trait of the condition (and one that was not mentioned in-universe) is a fear of emotional bonds, which Sam. I also typed this on my phone, so please excuse any grammatical errors. proxmox lxc autostartaphake. aphrodisiac. Notes: Errr. This is often associated with a fear of sexual assault. As referred to in Death Stranding or haphephobia, Aphenphosmphobia is a rare specific phobia involving the fear of touching or being touched. Check out the pronunciation, synonyms and grammar. 🤔 lol. That includes physical touch, which is why Sam reels from hugs or even simple handshakes in Death Stranding. When an extreme fear manifests itself and a huge feeling of dread occurs before every appointment we can class that as dentophobia. Chiraptophobia. I always think that life sucks, and I'm fine if I don't leave this place at all. Is Aphenphosmphobia real? Haphephobia (also known as aphephobia, haphophobia, hapnophobia, haptephobia, haptophobia, thixophobia, aphenphosmphobia) is a rare specific phobia that involves the fear of touching or of being touched. aphenphosmphobia; apheresis noun; apheretic adj; aphesis noun; apheta; Alternative searches for aphemia: Search for Synonyms for aphemia; Search for Anagrams for aphemia; Quotes containing the term aphemia;Haphephobia – Fear of touch. Aerophobia: fear of aircraft or flying. See aniseikonia; cataract; pseudophakic eye; aphakic lens; phakic; jack-in-the-box phenomenon; vitreous detachment. Có rất nhiều cái tên khác cho Aphenphosmphobia, bao gồm Haphephobia, Thixophobia và Aphephobia. He did his best to hide it ("Honestly, what's wrong with not wanting to be close with everything that breathes?"), but over the years, it had gotten worse until even the mere idea of someone wanting to be close with him was enough to give. This aversion impacts areas of their life, including relationships and the ability to be in public spaces. As she spun Itachi's feelings toward Sasuke and her memories into one finely honed tool, the guilt faded away until she was intent only on the result, on opening the path even if she had. There was several types of phobia. Touch aversion is a feeling of intense discomfort or fear when someone attempts to touch you. A drug purporting to stimulate sexual interest or excitement or enhance sexual performance. To look for the article (s) with the same meanings, see Aphenphosmphobia and Haphephobia. aph- see AP- . What does aphenphosmphobia mean? Information and translations of aphenphosmphobia in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Ablutophobia, like all phobias, is an anxiety disorder. Simply, the Aphenphosmphobia that is being referenced early in Death Stranding is the fear of being touched. Other names for haphephobia include chiraptophobia, aphenphosmphobia, and thixophobia. Meaning of aphemia. Rare words are dimmed. Aphenphosmphobia meaning in Death Stranding. Usage: She winced when their skin made contact,. Cure means the problem is gone. cure definition. ) The fear of intimacy. Here’s a look at some phobias. Check out the pronunciation, synonyms and grammar. Reddit gives you the best of the internet in one place. For. Being Touched Phobia eBook Only - £7. g. email:. Arachibutyrophobia – Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. In simple terms, Dentophobia is a fear of visiting the dentist. Aphenphosmphobia ka hindi mein matalab, arth aur prayog. Getting help to strengthen your Mental Health is important. Haphephobia definition: . What does APHENPHOSMPHOBIA mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or. 2. A person with aphenphosmphobia is afraid of being touched, hugged, or kissed, and may even experience panic attacks in such situations. It is usually below about 100 m. Other names for Haphephobia are thixophobia, Aphenphosmphobia, or aphephobia. Aphenphosmphobia. It can manifest in many ways, from a fear of showering to a complete phobia of all washing. Fear of Peanut butter sticking to the patale (roof of the mouth) Victim Type. Browse the use examples 'aphenphosmphobia' in the great English corpus. Aphenphosmphobia definition, pronuniation, antonyms, synonyms and example sentences in Hindi. aphakia. Aphenphosmphobia – the fear of being touched. Iatrophobia – Fear of doctors. . Aphenphosmphobia - ( n. คือ เรากำลังมีแพลนจะเขียนฟิคที่. It can be triggered by elevators, airplanes, tunnels, windowless rooms, and more. aphephobia rate. Getting help to strengthen your Mental Health is important. Aquaphobia – The fear of water. Aphenphosmphobia, Chiraptophobia, Haphephobia, Haptephobia – Fear of being touched. Since the 8 recalls the symbol of infinity, this phobia can lead (or sometimes. In contrast, familiarity can cause discomfort and anxiety. She had a pocket knife in hand, ready. Aphenphosmphobics experience severe distress at the mere. achluophobia. Autodysomophobia:- Fear of one that has a vile odour. It is estimated that in USA - 5. Amaxophobia: Fear of riding in a car. I Googled the word aphenphosmphobia and found about 800 listings, most of them just lists of phobias. Children. And its very, very simple. Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. That includes physical touch, which is why Sam reels from hugs or even simple handshakes in Death Stranding. You are not alone in this aphenphosmphobia battle. They passed an uncomfortable night together, she and Itachi. Aphenphosmphobia - Fear of being touched. Aphenphosmphobia is generally regarded as a fear of intimacy or being touched, which is why Sam refuses to touch or shake hands with other people he meets. This is often associated with a fear of sexual assault. Anthropophobia – The fear of people. This answer is:CHIRAPTOPHOBIA VS HAPHEPHOBIA Tumblr <p Phobia on fear comm200 on Wattpad , being touched , haphephobia Phobia The</p&. aphonogelia: A rarely used term for a neurologic finding in which a person is unable to verbalise laughter, or laugh out loud. The Brain is the Most Powerful Muscle in the Human Body. Symptoms of AphenphosmphobiaPhobias are to be taken seriously. Phobia name: Aphenphosmphobia Description of phobia: The fear of being touched Example (made up or real): Dreading contact or emotional bonds. Severe claustrophobia can be especially disabling if it. Below is a list of aphenphosmphobia words - that is, words related to aphenphosmphobia. In this video, our channel Saboo3 English gives a clear Pronunciation Spelling & Meaning for the word Aphenphosmphobia. Aphenphosmphobia. Video shows what aphenphosmphobia means. aphenphosmphobia; Alternative searches for aphelion: Search for Synonyms for aphelion; Search for Anagrams for aphelion;. A/N: hola im sorry this took. "What have you been treating Maureen for?" " Aphenphosmphobia. Commonly used words are shown in bold. I am sure my cat suffers from this. Thankfully Aphenphosmphobia is a very rare condition, and treatments are available (depending on your country of residence) to help manage it. Feeling confused or disoriented. Definition CHIRAPTOPHOBIA: (aphenphosmphobia, haphephobia, and fear of being touched) 1 : chiraptophobia : a persistent, abnormal, and unwarranted fear of being touched, despite conscious understanding by the phobic individual and reassurance by others that there is no danger. net dictionary. APHIS APHL APHLC APHM APHMHIDC APHN APHN-BC APHO aphonia aphoria aphorism aphotic APHRA APHRN. A certain amount of fear of the dark is normal, particularly throughout a. apheresis. Aphenphosmphobia ka hindi mein matalab, arth aur prayog. aphonic speech: abnormal speech in which vocalizations are whispered. The person or phobe develops an excessive fear and they try to avoid things, places, or situation that triggers the fear and panic. I was under the impression his little BB pod was bullet proof. Phasmophobia Gaming Community is a community that discourages cheating and helps focus on improving your gameplay experience, Keep up with the official Phasmophobia discord with updates being released from the official discord whenever they update things, All patch notes will be released as well as seen on steam. For example, [abc] will render as abc. aphoria rate (Adult / Slang) Sterility in the female. The irrational fear of touch and intimacy. Agateophobia: fear of insanity. . Aphenphosmphobia | definition of aphenphosmphobia by Medical dictionary aphenphosmphobia aphenphosmphobia A rarely used term for the morbid fear of. Schizophrenia การเห็นภาพหลอนได้ยินเสียงที่ไม่มีอยู่จริง. Aphenphosmphobia: It is an unusual and weird fear of touching or being touched. Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. Aphenphosmphobia definition, pronuniation, antonyms, synonyms and example sentences in Hindi. Define aphelian. Commonly used words are shown in bold. Arachnophobia – Fear of spiders. Hydrophobia: The fear of water. Haphephobia definition: . Aphenphosmphobia is generally regarded as a fear of intimacy or being touched, which is why Sam refuses to touch or shake hands with other people he meets. . phobia (n. Aphenphosmphobia Online Test. Sam's aphenphosmphobia is mainly used to refer to Sam's aversion to physical contact. A phobia of being touched. Albuminurophobia:- किडनी की बीमारी होने से डरना – Fear of kidney disease. Described as the “fear. Anginophobia: The fear of angina or choking. This can mean being touched either physically or emotionally, and there are many other. Women are more prone to have a phobia and this can be the. Aphenphosmphobia is the dark, irrational fear of being touched or touching. cure definition. It can affect children and adults. aphrodisia: ( af'rō-diz'ē-ă ), Sexual desire, especially when excessive. Anemophobia: Fear of air. One of those questions where the answer is "a wizard did it!". com). But Amy falls pregnant in the process and she doesn't know what to do with herself! Rated M for rape and mild swearing. Children. Astraphobia - Fear of thunder and lightning. Definition. Choking feeling.